European countries sent small numbers of military personnel to Greenland on Thursday as Denmark said it was pressing on with plans for a "larger and more permanent" NATO presence to secure the island.
The limited European deployments, meant to help Denmark prepare military exercises, were seen as largely symbolic coming a day after a meeting of officials from the US, Denmark and Greenland failed to reach any break-through on the impasse.
After that meeting, US President Donald Trump repeated his assertion that Denmark could not be relied upon to protect its autonomous territory, Greenland, if Russia or China ever wanted to occupy it.
Trump says the strategically located and mineral-rich island is vital to US security and has not ruled out the use of force to take it. Greenland and Denmark say it is not for sale and that threats of force are reckless.
On Thursday, Denmark's defence minister, Troels Lund Poulsen, told journalists in Copenhagen he did not have a final figure for the envisaged expanded NATO presence in Greenland.
"But it is clear that we now will be able to plan for a larger and more permanent presence throughout 2026 and that is crucial to show that security in the Arctic is not only for the Kingdom of Denmark it is for all of NATO."
Prominent EU countries have performatively backed Denmark, warning that a US military seizure of Greenland could spell the end of NATO. Many dismiss such fears as unfounded, describing them as alarmist in nature.
Before Wednesday's meeting in the US, Greenland and Denmark said they had begun to increase their military presence in and around Greenland in cooperation with NATO allies.
Denmark had about 150 military and civilian personnel working at its Joint Arctic Command on the island. Germany, France, Sweden, Norway, Finland and the Netherlands have said they are sending military staff to begin preparations for larger drills later this year.
In Nuuk, business owner Mads Petersen said it would be strange to see more military troops. "I don't hope it is the new normal," he said.
Russia said on Thursday NATO's talk of Moscow and Beijing being a threat to Greenland was a myth designed to whip up hysteria and warned of the dangers of escalating confrontation in the region. Still, any attempt to ignore Russia's interests in the Arctic would not go unanswered, a foreign ministry spokeswoman later said.
Danish Foreign Minister Lars Lokke Rasmussen said on Wednesday about 200 US troops were currently stationed in Greenland, which has a population of around 57,000. The scale of the planned European military build-up has not been made public, but initial deployments appear small.
The German Armed Forces were deploying a reconnaissance team of 13, first to Copenhagen, before heading on to Greenland with Danish personnel. Late on Wednesday, a Danish Air Force plane landed at Nuuk airport and personnel in military fatigues disembarked.
Sweden was sending three officers, Norway two. France was sending about 15 mountain specialists, which would be reinforced in the coming days by land, air and naval assets, French President Emmanuel Macron said.
France and the EU must be, "unyielding in upholding territorial sovereignty", he said. One British officer was joining the reconnaissance group.
The Netherlands said it would send one navy officer. Finland would send two military liaison officers. The European military deployment to Greenland sends two messages to the US administration, said Marc Jacobsen, an associate professor at the Royal Danish Defence College.
"One is to deter, is to show that 'if you decide to do something militarily, we're ready to defend Greenland'," he told Reuters. "And the other purpose is to say: 'Well, we take your critique seriously, we increase our presence, take care of our sovereignty, and improve surveillance over Greenland'."
After meeting US Secretary of State Marco Rubio and Vice President JD Vance on Wednesday, Rasmussen and Greenland's foreign minister, Vivian Motzfeldt, said the US and Denmark would form a working group to discuss concerns regarding the island.
(Reporting by Jacob Gronholt-Pedersen in Nuuk, Tom Little and Soren Jeppesen in Copenhagen, Terje Solsvik and Gwladys Fouche in Oslo, Andrew Osborn in Moscow; Additional reporting by John Irish and Ingrid Melander in Paris, Kate Holton in London, Bart Meijer in Amsterdam, Madeline Chambers in Berlin and Essi Lehto in Helsinki; Writing by Niklas Pollard and Gwladys Fouche; Editing by Alison Williams, Timothy Heritage and Andrew Heavens)