AMSA publishes safety alert, recommendations from investigation into fatal fire on California dive boat Conception

The Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) has issued a safety alert to provide guidance to operators of domestic commercial vessels (DCVs) on risks associated with safety management systems inadequately considering electrical systems and other potential fire hazards.

This safety alert aims to raise awareness of recommendations made by the United States National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), following the investigation into the fire that resulted in 34 fatalities and subsequent loss of the passenger vessel Conception.

While this incident did not occur in Australia or on an Australian vessel, the findings of the NTSB investigation provide a useful reminder to local industry on the importance of having an effective safety management system (SMS) in place.

The safety alert can be downloaded via this link.

The incident

Conception was a 22.8-metre, United States-flagged passenger vessel that caught fire in the early hours (local time) of September 2, 2019, off Santa Cruz Island, California. Of the 39 people on board, all 33 passengers and one crewmember perished in the incident.

Five crewmembers were asleep in the crew berthing area on the upper deck. One crewmember and the 33 passengers were asleep in the bunkroom below the main deck.

A crewmember on the upper deck was awakened by a noise and realised that fire was rising from the salon compartment directly below. The four other crewmembers sleeping on the upper deck, including the master, were immediately alerted to respond.

The crewmembers attempted to access the salon to assist those in the bunkroom, but access was blocked by fire and smoke.

In response to a distress message sent by the master, the US Coast Guard and other first responder vessels arrived on scene within 90 minutes.

Despite firefighting and search and rescue efforts, the vessel burned to the waterline and sank just after daybreak with 34 souls still on board.

Findings

The NTSB report drew a large number of findings, the following of which are considered worthy of note by those operating passenger vessels in Australia:

• The most likely ignition sources were the electrical distribution system of the vessel, unattended batteries being charged, improperly discarded smoking materials, or another undetermined ignition source.
• Evidence indicated that the overnight, unattended charging of a large number of batteries was normal practice in the salon compartment. This risk had not been considered.
• A primary contributory factor was failure by Conception’s operator to provide effective oversight of its vessels’ operations, which jeopardised the safety of crewmembers and passengers. This included the absence of an overnight roving patrol and lack of smoke detectors in the salon, which allowed the fire to grow undetected, precluded firefighting and evacuation efforts, and directly led to the high number of fatalities.
• Conception’s emergency escape arrangements were inadequate because both means of escape led to the same space, which was obstructed by a well-developed fire, and the escape hatch was located directly above the bunks.

The analysis section of the report noted that since the salon compartment was a critical element in the egress pathway from the passenger bunkroom, prudent fire safety planning should have minimised risky activities (unattended charging of batteries) and materials, such as the plastic chairs and polyethylene trash cans that could contribute to a fire, in this area. Each device and battery represented a separate potential source of ignition.

The master of Conception was later convicted by a US attorney’s office of criminal negligence in connection with the deaths of the 34 people aboard the vessel.

Reminder

• Review the risk assessment for your operation regularly and ensure fire risks are adequately considered. Update your SMS as required.
• The SMS should include fire safety briefings to passengers at the start of the voyage and regular fire drills with the crew.
• Ensure that the SMS is effectively implemented and followed at all times.
• Ensure you have in place sufficient watch arrangements on your vessel, including the use of a roving patrol during sleep periods.
• Consider emergency escape options for your vessel, including a secondary means of escape into a different space than the primary exit.
• Ensure that smoke and fire detection systems on your vessel are compliant, allow for proper coverage and ensure they are regularly tested and properly maintained.
• Consider interconnected smoke and fire alarms to allow for early detection.
• Consider installing Carbon Monoxide monitors in below-deck areas containing passenger spaces.
• Consider engaging a marine electrician to verify whether there are limitations on your vessel’s electrical system restricting the simultaneous use of appliances such as air conditioning, battery chargers, water heaters, galley appliances and electronics.
• Consider engaging a marine electrician to conduct inspection and resistance testing of the vessel’s electrical cabling and connections as part of the ongoing maintenance plan for the vessel.
• Develop a procedure for charging electronic devices away from flammable items and in a controlled location/container.
• Lithium Ion battery installations should meet manufacturers’ requirements and Australian/New Zealand Standard 3004 (Electrical installations – Marinas and pleasure craft at low voltage).